locking: Introduce __cleanup() based infrastructure

Use __attribute__((__cleanup__(func))) to build:

 - simple auto-release pointers using __free()

 - 'classes' with constructor and destructor semantics for
   scope-based resource management.

 - lock guards based on the above classes.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093537.614161713%40infradead.org

include/linux/cleanup.h

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef __LINUX_GUARDS_H
+#define __LINUX_GUARDS_H
+
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+
+/*
+ * DEFINE_FREE(name, type, free):
+ *	simple helper macro that defines the required wrapper for a __free()
+ *	based cleanup function. @free is an expression using '_T' to access
+ *	the variable.
+ *
+ * __free(name):
+ *	variable attribute to add a scoped based cleanup to the variable.
+ *
+ * no_free_ptr(var):
+ *	like a non-atomic xchg(var, NULL), such that the cleanup function will
+ *	be inhibited -- provided it sanely deals with a NULL value.
+ *
+ * return_ptr(p):
+ *	returns p while inhibiting the __free().
+ *
+ * Ex.
+ *
+ * DEFINE_FREE(kfree, void *, if (_T) kfree(_T))
+ *
+ *	struct obj *p __free(kfree) = kmalloc(...);
+ *	if (!p)
+ *		return NULL;
+ *
+ *	if (!init_obj(p))
+ *		return NULL;
+ *
+ *	return_ptr(p);
+ */
+
+#define DEFINE_FREE(_name, _type, _free) \
+	static inline void __free_##_name(void *p) { _type _T = *(_type *)p; _free; }
+
+#define __free(_name)	__cleanup(__free_##_name)
+
+#define no_free_ptr(p) \
+	({ __auto_type __ptr = (p); (p) = NULL; __ptr; })
+
+#define return_ptr(p)	return no_free_ptr(p)
+
+
+/*
+ * DEFINE_CLASS(name, type, exit, init, init_args...):
+ *	helper to define the destructor and constructor for a type.
+ *	@exit is an expression using '_T' -- similar to FREE above.
+ *	@init is an expression in @init_args resulting in @type
+ *
+ * EXTEND_CLASS(name, ext, init, init_args...):
+ *	extends class @name to @name@ext with the new constructor
+ *
+ * CLASS(name, var)(args...):
+ *	declare the variable @var as an instance of the named class
+ *
+ * Ex.
+ *
+ * DEFINE_CLASS(fdget, struct fd, fdput(_T), fdget(fd), int fd)
+ *
+ *	CLASS(fdget, f)(fd);
+ *	if (!f.file)
+ *		return -EBADF;
+ *
+ *	// use 'f' without concern
+ */
+
+#define DEFINE_CLASS(_name, _type, _exit, _init, _init_args...)		\
+typedef _type class_##_name##_t;					\
+static inline void class_##_name##_destructor(_type *p)			\
+{ _type _T = *p; _exit; }						\
+static inline _type class_##_name##_constructor(_init_args)		\
+{ _type t = _init; return t; }
+
+#define EXTEND_CLASS(_name, ext, _init, _init_args...)			\
+typedef class_##_name##_t class_##_name##ext##_t;			\
+static inline void class_##_name##ext##_destructor(class_##_name##_t *p)\
+{ class_##_name##_destructor(p); }					\
+static inline class_##_name##_t class_##_name##ext##_constructor(_init_args) \
+{ class_##_name##_t t = _init; return t; }
+
+#define CLASS(_name, var)						\
+	class_##_name##_t var __cleanup(class_##_name##_destructor) =	\
+		class_##_name##_constructor
+
+
+/*
+ * DEFINE_GUARD(name, type, lock, unlock):
+ *	trivial wrapper around DEFINE_CLASS() above specifically
+ *	for locks.
+ *
+ * guard(name):
+ *	an anonymous instance of the (guard) class
+ *
+ * scoped_guard (name, args...) { }:
+ *	similar to CLASS(name, scope)(args), except the variable (with the
+ *	explicit name 'scope') is declard in a for-loop such that its scope is
+ *	bound to the next (compound) statement.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define DEFINE_GUARD(_name, _type, _lock, _unlock) \
+	DEFINE_CLASS(_name, _type, _unlock, ({ _lock; _T; }), _type _T)
+
+#define guard(_name) \
+	CLASS(_name, __UNIQUE_ID(guard))
+
+#define scoped_guard(_name, args...)					\
+	for (CLASS(_name, scope)(args),					\
+	     *done = NULL; !done; done = (void *)1)
+
+/*
+ * Additional helper macros for generating lock guards with types, either for
+ * locks that don't have a native type (eg. RCU, preempt) or those that need a
+ * 'fat' pointer (eg. spin_lock_irqsave).
+ *
+ * DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_0(name, lock, unlock, ...)
+ * DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_1(name, type, lock, unlock, ...)
+ *
+ * will result in the following type:
+ *
+ *   typedef struct {
+ *	type *lock;		// 'type := void' for the _0 variant
+ *	__VA_ARGS__;
+ *   } class_##name##_t;
+ *
+ * As above, both _lock and _unlock are statements, except this time '_T' will
+ * be a pointer to the above struct.
+ */
+
+#define __DEFINE_UNLOCK_GUARD(_name, _type, _unlock, ...)		\
+typedef struct {							\
+	_type *lock;							\
+	__VA_ARGS__;							\
+} class_##_name##_t;							\
+									\
+static inline void class_##_name##_destructor(class_##_name##_t *_T)	\
+{									\
+	if (_T->lock) { _unlock; }					\
+}
+
+
+#define __DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_1(_name, _type, _lock)			\
+static inline class_##_name##_t class_##_name##_constructor(_type *l)	\
+{									\
+	class_##_name##_t _t = { .lock = l }, *_T = &_t;		\
+	_lock;								\
+	return _t;							\
+}
+
+#define __DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_0(_name, _lock)				\
+static inline class_##_name##_t class_##_name##_constructor(void)	\
+{									\
+	class_##_name##_t _t = { .lock = (void*)1 },			\
+			 *_T __maybe_unused = &_t;			\
+	_lock;								\
+	return _t;							\
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_1(_name, _type, _lock, _unlock, ...)		\
+__DEFINE_UNLOCK_GUARD(_name, _type, _unlock, __VA_ARGS__)		\
+__DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_1(_name, _type, _lock)
+
+#define DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_0(_name, _lock, _unlock, ...)			\
+__DEFINE_UNLOCK_GUARD(_name, void, _unlock, __VA_ARGS__)		\
+__DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_0(_name, _lock)
+
+#endif /* __LINUX_GUARDS_H */